Module 9 2021

23/03/2021

Approaches for Vaccine Development

Inactivation

Nucleic Vaccine (incl. mRNA Vx)

Pathogen

Vaccine

Attenuation Purification

Nucleic acid

Expression plasmid

Live attenuated vaccine

Mutagenesis

Sequence

Molecular Cloning (expression)

Epitope mapping

Synthetic Peptide

Insersion into vector

purification

Live recombinant Vaccine (incl. adenovirus Vx)

Subunit vaccine

Peptide vaccine

Adapted from: Paul - Henri Lambert, Vaccines for the World: Major Challenges for the future, G.P.I., WHO, Geneva

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The growth of vaccines that can prevent disease Adjuvant Descriptions: MF59 = Squalene (oil-in-water adjuvant) e.g. used in influenzae Vx AS04 = Mixture of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and aluminum hydroxide e.g. used in HPV vaccine RC529 = A synthetic form of MPL ISA 51 = Mineral oil adjuvant AS03 = Squalene-based immunologic adjuvant e.g. used in pandemic flu vaccine AS01 = Liposome-based vaccine adjuvant system containing two immunostimulants: MPL and the saponin QS-21 CpG = Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs

Covid

Zoster Men ACWY conj

Pneumoconj HPV Rotavirus

MenC

[Rotavirus]

[Lyme’s disease]

Pa combo DTP HA/HB

Hepatitis A

Hib

Varicella

Hepatitis B rec

Hepatitis B

Pneumo PS Meningitis ACWY PS

CpG

Licensed adjuvants

Rubella

Mumps Measles OPV (Sabin)

AS01

AS03

Yellow fever IPV (Salk)

ISA 51

Influenza

RC529

Vaccine developed

Pertussis

AS04

Cholera

Tetanus

MF59 virosome

Tuberculosis Diphtheria

Rabies

Smallpox

Typhoid

Aluminium salts

1700 1800 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

2010

Licensed adjuvant

Pre-industrial era

Industrial era

Modified from Garçon N et al. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007;6:723–739

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